Docker -- 2 -- 利用docker部署網站和數據庫

2024-06-28 16:03:22

字體：大中小

來源：轉載

供稿：網友

在Docker – 系統整潔之道 – 1中已經對Docker的一些命令和Docker鏡像的使用及操作做了記錄。這次就利用docker進行一次真正的實例使用，使用docker搭建一個簡單的答題系統，這個系統是當時做來給網絡安全周做手機答題的系統，很簡單，代碼風格很差。

這篇主要記錄了三種docker使用的方式。

用supervisor方式運行一個多進程的docker實例創建一個ngnix和php運行的環境創建一個ngnix，php，MySQL集合運行的環境，使用docker-compose構建

{% fi /images/201609/4.svg, Docker, Docker %}

感覺docker的東西越看越多，從剛開始的簡簡單單的一個docker run，到現在看到要build自己的鏡像，compose,也就是以前的Fig，配置網絡，還有swarm的docker集群，一點一點來吧。

先把兩個附件寫在這里吧此片博客中構建php+ngnix+mysql測試環境的腳本在測試環境中的答題網站源碼

supervisor方式運行一個多進程的docker實例

Docker 容器在啟動的時候開啟單個進程，比如，一個 ssh 或者 apache 的 daemon 服務。但我們經常需要在一個機器上開啟多個服務，這可以有很多方法，最簡單的就是把多個啟動命令放到一個啟動腳本里面，啟動的時候直接啟動這個腳本，另外就是安裝進程管理工具。這里使用進程管理工具 supervisor 來管理容器中的多個進程。使用 Supervisor 可以更好的控制、管理、重啟我們希望運行的進程。

首先創一個文件夾叫做supervisor,目錄結構為

~/Docker tree supervisorsupervisor├── Dockerfile└── supervisord

其中文件Dockerfile文件內容為：

#使用時哪個鏡像FROM Ubuntu:13.04MAINTAINER examples@docker.comRUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu PRecise main universe" > /etc/apt/sources.listRUN apt-get updateRUN apt-get upgrade -y#這里安裝 3 個軟件，還創建了 2 個 ssh 和 supervisor 服務正常運行所需要的目錄。RUN apt-get install -y --force-yes perl-base=5.14.2-6ubuntu2RUN apt-get install -y apache2.2-commonRUN apt-get install -y openssh-server apache2 supervisorRUN mkdir -p /var/run/sshdRUN mkdir -p /var/log/supervisor#添加 supervisord 的配置文件，并復制配置文件到對應目錄下面。COPY supervisord.conf /etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf#映射了 22 和 80 端口，使用 supervisord 的可執行路徑啟動服務EXPOSE 22 80CMD ["/usr/bin/supervisord"]

文件supervisord內容為：

#supervsord 配置軟件本身，使用 nodaemon 參數來運行[supervisord]nodaemon=true#配置兩個服務[program:sshd]command=/usr/sbin/sshd -D[program:apache2]command=/bin/bash -c "source /etc/apache2/envvars && exec /usr/sbin/apache2 -DFOREGROUND"

使用命令進行構建

sudo docker build -t supervisor

輸出：

~/Docker/supervisor sudo docker build -t supervisord .PassWord:Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.584 kBStep 1 : FROM ubuntu:13.04---> a58cd502f927Step 2 : MAINTAINER examples@docker.com---> Using cache---> 15f104cdeb77Step 3 : RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main universe" > /etc/apt/sources.list---> Using cache---> c6bb44d794eaStep 4 : RUN apt-get update---> Using cache---> adcd83eecb0dStep 5 : RUN apt-get upgrade -y---> Using cache---> 89e045811261Step 6 : RUN apt-get install -y --force-yes perl-base=5.14.2-6ubuntu2---> Using cache---> bcdc472cc73aStep 7 : RUN apt-get install -y apache2.2-common---> Using cache---> d8991f8aa3c6Step 8 : RUN apt-get install -y openssh-server apache2 supervisor---> Using cache---> a713034800d6Step 9 : RUN mkdir -p /var/run/sshd---> Using cache---> 3138e3644958Step 10 : RUN mkdir -p /var/log/supervisor---> Using cache---> 958c08978b0cStep 11 : COPY supervisord.conf /etc/supervisor/conf.d/supervisord.conf---> 8e9a0c97a133Removing intermediate container d95b58057f73Step 12 : EXPOSE 22 80---> Running in 9cabb0865159---> b4aa8b82cd57Removing intermediate container 9cabb0865159Step 13 : CMD /usr/bin/supervisord---> Running in 237f71166211---> 569f95736129Removing intermediate container 237f71166211Successfully built 569f95736129

使用docker ps 一下

~/Docker/supervisor docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESc82c830770bc supervisord:latest "/usr/bin/supervisord" 32 seconds ago Up 30 seconds 0.0.0.0:32770->22/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp supervisord

發現剛才build的鏡像已經跑起來了，訪問 http://127.0.0.1:32769，可以web服務已經跑起來了。

這里寫圖片描述

使用命令docker exec進入container里面看看

~/Docker/supervisor docker exec -it c82c830770bc bashroot@c82c830770bc:/# hellobash: hello: command not foundroot@c82c830770bc:/# lsbin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr varroot@c82c830770bc:/#

使用passwd修改一下密碼，然后在本機的命令行里進行ssh連接吧。

ngnix和php運行的環境

該方法就是直接使用docker命令進行構建一個ngnix,php結合運行的環境，沒有使用docker-compose。

先用戶根目錄~下創建目錄，并將該目錄設置為Docker的共享目錄。

Workspace└── tmp ├── docker │ └── nginx │ └── conf.d │ └── default.conf └── www ├── index.html └── phpinfo.php

其中default.conf文件內容，這是個nginx的配置文件

server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html index.htm; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /usr/share/nginx/html; } location ~ /.php$ { fastcgi_pass php:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRipT_FILENAME /var/www/html/$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; }}

index.html 里寫一句 HelloW0rld，phpinfo.php里面寫一個<?php phpinfo();?>。

然后在命令行下執行命令

docker pull php:5.6-fpm-alpinedocker pull ngnix:1.10.2docker run --name dream.php -d -v ~/Workspace/tmp/www:/var/www/html:ro php:5.6-fpmdocker run --name dream.nginx -p 80:80 -d -v ~/Workspace/tmp/www:/usr/share/nginx/html:ro -v ~/Workspace/tmp/docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro --link dream.php:php nginx:1.10.2

好的，如果不出意外，就可以看到phpinfo的界面了。這個是沒有添加mysql的測試環境，直接在目錄~/Workspace/tmp/www下面放網頁就可以直接使用了。

ngnix，php，mysql集合運行的環境

Supervisor給出了一種能夠在container中運行多個線程的方法，但是現在還是不知道要怎么樣把自己的web服務部署到container中，數據庫怎么建，可以有人會說直接使用SFTP將網站直接傳到container里，安裝數據庫，配環境，但是docker中一旦container被刪除，內容就沒了。像這樣將所有服務放在一個容器內的模式有個形象的非官方稱呼：Fat Container。與之相對的是將服務分拆到容器的模式。從Docker的設計可以看到，構建鏡像的過程中可以指定唯一一個容器啟動的指令，因此Docker天然適合一個容器只運行一種服務，而這也是官方更推崇的。下面就記錄一下部署一個簡單的php程序和數據庫聯動的測試環境。

整體的文件結構是這樣的我們創建一個這樣的目錄

Docker└── test ├── data 數據庫文件夾 │ └── mysql ├── docker-compose.yml docker-compose配置文件 ├── htdocs 網站文件夾 │ ├── index.html │ └── index.php ├── log 日志文件 │ └── nginx ├── mysql mysql構建文件 │ └── Dockerfile ├── nginx nginx構建文件 │ ├── Dockerfile │ ├── conf.d │ │ └── default.conf │ └── nginx.conf └── php php構建文件 └── Dockerfile

mysql 獨立部署

mysql目錄下的Dockerfile文件只有一行FROM mysql:5.6，也就是直接使用mysql官方鏡像5.6，然后使用命令

docker build -t phpenv/mysql mysql

構建自己的鏡像phpenv/mysql。使用命令

docker run -p 3306:3306 -v ~/Docker/test/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -it phpenv/mysql

啟動鏡像，將容器的3306端口綁定到本機的3306端口，其中參數-v后代表使用~/Docker/test/data/mysql掛在到鏡像的/var/lib/mysql，也就是替代源鏡像的數據庫文件目錄，讓數據庫文件目錄暴露在本機上，做到數據庫內容的持久化。MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD為設置mysql的一個root密碼。

運行結果

~/Docker/test docker run -p 3306:3306 -v ~/Docker/test/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -it phpenv/mysql2016-12-27 15:06:49 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.35) starting as process 1 ...2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Warning] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /var/lib/mysql/ is case insensitive2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.82016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.35 started; log sequence number 16260272016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 33062016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] IPv6 is available.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@bd69eb248839' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events2016-12-27 15:06:49 1 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.Version: '5.6.35' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

使用DBeaver連接后這里寫圖片描述

查看一下當前~/Docker/test/data/mysql數據庫目錄下的文件

~/Docker/test/data/mysql lsauto.cnf ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 ibdata1 mysql performance_schema

新建一個庫docker_test后~/Docker/test/data/mysql數據庫目錄下的文件

~/Docker/test/data/mysql lsauto.cnf docker_test ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 ibdata1 mysql performance_schema

可以發現數據庫已經創建好了，也如下圖這里寫圖片描述

為了驗證數據庫數據的持久型，我們先停止當前運行的container并產出它，然后從鏡像啟動一個新的container，如命令

~/Docker ? docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES970dec0f7de9 phpenv/mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 30 minutes ago Up 30 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp berserk_brown~/Docker ? docker stop 970dec0f7de9970dec0f7de9~/Docker ? docker rm 970dec0f7de9970dec0f7de9~/Docker ? docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESc82c830770bc supervisord:latest "/usr/bin/supervisord" 35 hours ago Exited (0) 32 minutes ago supervisord~/Docker ? docker run -p 3306:3306 -v ~/Docker/test/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -it phpenv/mysql2016-12-27 15:38:04 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.35) starting as process 1 ...2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Warning] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /var/lib/mysql/ is case insensitive2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.82016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.35 started; log sequence number 16260372016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 33062016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] IPv6 is available.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@bd69eb248839' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events2016-12-27 15:38:04 1 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.Version: '5.6.35' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

再次連接數據庫驗證，發現剛才新建的庫docker_test還在，數據庫文件持久型保存了。

docker-compose 中mysql配置

待完善

docker-compose 中nginx部署

nginx在構建的時候要替換兩個配置文件，Dockfile

FROM nginx:1.10.2ADD nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.confADD conf.d/* /etc/nginx/conf.d/

掛載文件在docker-compose里進行定義。

待完善

docker-compose 中php配置

php什么也不做，只通過Dockfile

FROM php:5.6-fpm

來構建

待完善

docker-compose 構建

docker-compose文件

nginx: build: ./nginx ports: - "40080:80" links: - "php" volumes: - ~/Docker/test/htdocs:/usr/share/nginx/htmlphp: build: ./php ports: - "49000:9000" links: - "mysql" volumes: - ~/Docker/test/htdocs:/var/www/htmlmysql: build: ./mysql ports: - "43306:3306" volumes: - ~/Docker/test/data/mysql:/var/lib/mysql environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: 123456

記錄一下，首先docker-compse是用來集合構建多個鏡像的工具，這里我們集合了nginx，php，mysql來搭建一個php的測試環境，在文件中，有一個links參數，是用來連接其他實例，讓多個實例之間可以進行通信。

這里有整合文件的下載鏈接,下載后，將文件放在用戶根目錄下，命令行執行docker-compose up，結果

~/Docker/test ? docker-compose upBuilding mysqlStep 1 : FROM mysql:5.6---> e1406e1f7c42Successfully built e1406e1f7c42WARNING: Image for service mysql was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.Building phpStep 1 : FROM php:5.6-fpm5.6-fpm: Pulling from library/php75a822cd7888: Already existse4d8a4e038be: Pull complete81d4d961577a: Pull complete54283fea14a4: Pull completea1b82ddb6e57: Pull completefe532c795718: Pull completef02389f3f13e: Pull complete5777f6cf03c5: Pull complete24b45111f193: Pull completeDigest: sha256:022410892774f45ebd39bdb4df39a4a72e6ae5db96a31ee83e7eb25382cd2491Status: Downloaded newer image for php:5.6-fpm---> 55423bcf0cfcSuccessfully built 55423bcf0cfcWARNING: Image for service php was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.Building nginxStep 1 : FROM nginx:1.10.2---> c2d83d8cde8dStep 2 : ADD nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf---> e45c0dceafb9Removing intermediate container ca538d0f2fd1Step 3 : ADD conf.d/* /etc/nginx/conf.d/---> bf0d37221331Removing intermediate container ebaa3b27453aSuccessfully built bf0d37221331WARNING: Image for service nginx was built because it did not already exist. To rebuild this image you must use `docker-compose build` or `docker-compose up --build`.Creating test_mysql_1Creating test_php_1Creating test_nginx_1Attaching to test_mysql_1, test_php_1, test_nginx_1mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.6.35) starting as process 1 ...mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Warning] Setting lower_case_table_names=2 because file system for /var/lib/mysql/ is case insensitivemysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pagesmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabledmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtinsmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not usedmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.8mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIOmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructionsmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0Mmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer poolmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.php_1 | [28-Dec-2016 07:29:43] NOTICE: fpm is running, pid 1mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.php_1 | [28-Dec-2016 07:29:43] NOTICE: ready to handle connectionsmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to startmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.35 started; log sequence number 1626263mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port: 3306mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] IPv6 is available.mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@bd69eb248839' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode.mysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 eventsmysql_1 | 2016-12-28 07:29:43 1 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.mysql_1 | Version: '5.6.35' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

訪問一下 http://localhost:40080/index.php ，正常的話，如下圖

這里寫圖片描述